As batteries are energy storage devices, they are likely to pose many threats to the life and safety of people. A short circuit is one of the common battery hazards. The most important reason for short circuits is overcharging or overdischarging. Other causes of cell shorts include defective separators, aggregation of lead or other metal particles between the two plates, buckling of the plates, and excess sediment at the bottom of the jar.
Another danger of the battery is the generation of gases. “Battery gassing” is a normal product of charging. The passage of electricity through water splits the water into hydrogen and oxygen. These are the gases that emanate from an open cell battery. When hydrogen reaches 4% intensity in air, it can be explosive. Therefore it is essential that the area is well ventilated and that there is no possibility of an open flame.
High power lithium cells must be maintained with extreme care because a short circuit can cause internal overheating and lead to an explosion or rupture of the battery. These lithium cells are more sensitive to physical stress than alkaline batteries and are commonly found in cell phones today. Electrical burns, strains, and sprains are some of the common hazards that arise when servicing, charging, or bypassing the common lead-acid battery. Lead-acid batteries can also cause a hazard when the acid is spilled. For these types of batteries, the occurrence of a short circuit during replacement can be minimized by first disconnecting the ground wire and replacing it last. One way to reduce battery risks in a vehicle is to turn off all electrical equipment in the vehicle before removing the charger cables from the vehicle.
